Question and Answer 2: problem on section 85 of Penal Code.

ক ও খ দুইজন ঘনিষ্ঠ বন্ধু। তাদের মদ্ধে ক মদ পান করে কিন্তু খ মদ পান করে না। কোন এক সন্ধ্যায় খ এর লেমনডের সাথে ক জিন বা নেশা জাতীয় কিছু মিশ্যে দেয় এবং তা খ কে প্রচুর পরিমানে খাওয়ায়। একসময় খা উত্তেজিত হইয়া ক-এর উপর ঝাপাইয়া পরে এবং গলা টিপিয়া তাকে মেরে ফেলে। এই পরিস্থিতি তে ক-এর মৃত্যুর ব্যাপারে খ এর সাজা কি হবে ?

ANSWER
খ এর নেশা যদি এতটা হয় যে, সে তাহার কাজের ধরন ও ফলাফল বুঝতে অপারগ, অথবা এটা প্রমান হয় যে তার নেশা যদি এমন পর্যায়ে উঠে যায় যে সে আইনের পরিপন্থী কাজ করছে এ কথা বুঝতে incapable বা অপারগ ছিল, তাহলে কোন সাজাতে দন্ডিত হবে না। তার কাজ দণ্ডবিধির ৮৫ নং ধারার আওতায় আসবে। তবে এই ক্ষেত্রে খ কে প্রমান করতে হবে যে

• সে মদ পান করে না।
• সে তার অনিচ্ছায় নেশাগ্রস্থ বা intoxicate হয়েছিল।
• এবং তাকে প্রমান করতে হবে যে, তার নেশার মাত্ত্রা এত বেশী ছিল যে, সে তার কাজের ধরন ও ফলাফল বুঝতে অপারগ ছিল।

খ যদি তার পক্ষে অকাট্য প্রমান পেশ করতে পারে তবে সে General Exception এর ৮৫ নং ধারা অনুসারে রেহাই পেয়ে যাবে। According to sec 85- Nothing is an offence which is done by a person, at the time of doing it, is by reason of intoxication, incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doing what is either wrong or contary to law. provided that the thing which intoxicated him was administered to him without his knowledge or against his will. এই ক্ষেত্রে সে যে মদ পান করে না সেটা আদালতের কাছে তার জন্য একটা পজিটিভ পয়েন্ট হবে। কিন্তু যদি সে নিজেই স্বীকার করে নেয় যে সে মাঝে মাঝে বা কখনো কখনো বিশেষ কোন দিনে মদ পান করেন, অথবা যদি এটা প্রমান হয় যে সে একজন নেশাখোর তাহলে এইসব ক্ষেত্রে সে ৮৫ নং ধারা এবং General Exception এর আওতায় পরবে না। Voluntary drunkenness is no excuse for the commission of a crime. Section 86 further provides that a person voluntarily drunk will be deemed to have the same knowledge and liable for the consequences as he would have had if he had not be intoxicated.

Why lawyers are called the priests in the temple of justic?

The relationship of the lawyers with the judiciary was described as “the profession of lawyers is an essential and integral part of judicial system and the lawyers may figuratively be described as priests in the temple of justice. They have special interest in preserving the integrity and independence of judicial system, and if the integrity and independence of judiciary is threatened by any act of state or any public authority, they would naturally be concerned about it, because they are equal partners with the Judges,” by their lordship in the case SP Gupta vs. Union of India, AIR 1982 (SC) 149, popularly known as judges’ case.

In speech delivered by Mr. Justice Muhammad Ansar Ali said, in the words of Lord Eldon: “A Lawyer should live like a hermit and work like a horse” and in the words of Brougham, “A lawyer must know everything of something and something of everything.”

Who is Lawyer?

The person practices law is a lawyer. A lawyer conducts lawsuit against the opposite party. A lawyer possesses “the real skill in judging, as it is in lawyering, is in being able properly to find and articulate the issues.” Lawyering is a noble profession, who knows the ins and outs of legal technicalities, initially judges the case and advice the clients, and represents them in the court of law and follow up the case. 

Advocates are, “men learned in law and respected as models of integrity, imbued with the spirit of public service and dedicated to the task of upholding the rule of law and defending at all times, without fear or favour, the rights of citizen.”

The object of Specific Relief Act 1877.

The real object of giving specific relief is to protect some civil right of a person or to protect wrong being done to him. Specific relief would be granted if this is the object of the suitor. But it would not be granted, if the sole object and result of the specific relief claimed is the enforcing of penal law. This Act does not restrict a person’s remedies. It provides for equitable remedies. A person is not bound to sue for a particular relief. It is for the party himself to choose whether he may ask for specific performance or mere damages.

Therefore, in case of breach of contract, if the remedies provided by monetary compensation is not adequate and there is not possible to determine the slandered of damages. Specific relief will be granted in order to ensure the ends of justice. This is the sole object of Specific Relief Act, 1877. And this Act extends to the whole of Bangladesh.

The Modes or Process of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Artharin Adalat Ain.

Government brings necessary change into the Code of Civil Procedure and also in Artharin Adalat Ain, 2003 for money loan recovery. After new Amendment of the Act in 2010 this Act provides mediation as single mode of alternative disputes resolution. Chapter 5 and section 22 to 25, 38, 44A provide provisions of mediation in Artharin Adalat Ain 2003.

Process of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Artharin Adalat Ain:

Mediation is compulsory and it begins after defendant files written statement. This Act adopted court annexed ADR mechanism both pre-trial and post-trial stages in a suit. The stages are-

1.      Mediation after filing written statement;   Sec- 22

2.      Mediation before pronouncement of judgment ;  Sec- 23

3.      Mediation at execution stage of the suit; and   Sec-38

4.      Mediation at appellate or revision stage.  Sec- 44A

After filing written statement the Court by adjourning the hearing shall order for mediation to settle their dispute, or if all the contesting party through application to the Court wishes to settle their dispute through mediation, the Court shall so mediate.  Sec- 22(1)

Appointment of Mediator:

Parties by their mutual agreement or their lawyer with their consent may appoint following person as mediator-

a.       Another lawyer who is nor engaged with any of the parties;

b.      Retired judge;

c.       Retired financial institutions or bank officers; or

d.      Other persons deem to be suitable for this act.

But if a person holding office of profit in service of republic shall not be eligible for appointment as mediator.   Sec-22(2)

The parties to the dispute by their mutual agreement determine the charge or fees of mediator. Sec- 22(3)

After appointment of mediator the parties must inform the name of mediator to the Court within 10 days. If the fails to appoint within this time the Court shall appoint mediator. The mediation shall be concluded within 60 days from the day on which the court so informed about the appointment of mediator. If they fails to conclude the dispute, the court in its own motion or joint prayer by the parties can extended time not exceeding 30 days.  Sec-22(4)

If the result is compromise of the dispute, the term of such agreement shall be send to the Court, bearing the signature or thumb impression of the parties as executants. Sec-22(6)

After that the Court shall pronounced a decree according to Order 23 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Sec-22(7)

When the mediation fails to produce any compromise, the Court shall proceed with the hearing of the suit from the stage where the decision of mediation was taken. Sec-22(8)

The proceeding of mediation under this section shall be confidential and it will be inadmissible in any subsequent proceedings.  Sec-22(9)

No appeal or revision shall lie against any order or decree passed by the Court in pursuance of settlement of disputes under this section. Sec-22(11)

Mediation in Post-trail stages:

If the mediation process fails under subsection 22, the both parties with the permission of Court may apply for mediation again at any stage before pronouncement of judgment under section 23.

Mediation at execution stage of the suit:

According to sec 38 at the stage of execution of decree the parties may settle  the dispute through mediation by inform to the Court.